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Amrita Pritam
Amrita Pritam (31 August 1919 – 31 October 2005) was an Indian writer and poet, who wrote in Punjabi and Hindi.〔 She is considered the first prominent woman Punjabi poet, novelist, and essayist, and the leading 20th-century poet of the Punjabi language, who is equally loved on both sides of the India-Pakistan border. With a career spanning over six decades, she produced over 100 books, of poetry, fiction, biographies, essays, a collection of Punjabi folk songs and an autobiography that were translated into several Indian and foreign languages.〔〔(Amrita Pritam: A great wordsmith in Punjab’s literary history ) ''Daily Times (Pakistan)'', 14 November 2005.〕
She is most remembered for her poignant poem, ''Ajj aakhaan Waris Shah nu'' (Today I invoke Waris Shah – "Ode to Waris Shah"), an elegy to the 18th-century Punjabi poet, an expression of her anguish over massacres during the partition of India. As a novelist, her most noted work was ''Pinjar'' (The Skeleton) (1950), in which she created her memorable character, ''Puro'', an epitome of violence against women, loss of humanity and ultimate surrender to existential fate; the novel was made into an award-winning film, ''Pinjar'' in 2003.〔(Always Amrita, Always Pritam ) ''Gulzar Singh Sandhu on the Grand Dame of Punjabi letters'', ''The Tribune'', 5 November 2005.〕
When the former British India was partitioned into the independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947, she migrated from Lahore, to India, though she remained equally popular in Pakistan throughout her life, as compared to her contemporaries like Mohan Singh and Shiv Kumar Batalvi.
Known as the most important voice for the women in Punjabi literature, in 1956, she became the first woman to win the Sahitya Akademi Award for her magnum opus, a long poem, ''Sunehade'' (Messages),〔(Amrita Pritam ) ''Modern Indian Literature: an Anthology'', by K. M. George, Sahitya Akademi. 1992, ISBN 81-7201-324-8.''945–947''.〕 later she received the Bharatiya Jnanpith, one of India's highest literary awards, in 1982 for ''Kagaz Te Canvas'' (The Paper and the Canvas). The Padma Shri came her way in 1969 and finally, Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, in 2004, and in the same year she was honoured with India's highest literary award, given by the Sahitya Akademi (India's Academy of Letters), the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship given to ''the "immortals of literature"'' for lifetime achievement.〔(Sahitya Akademi fellowship for Amrita Pritam, Anantha Murthy ) ''The Hindu'', 5 October 2004.〕
==Biography==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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